rogercooper.com

Peak GDP Year: 1947 (0.6%)

The peak year of 1947, reflects industrialization under Stalin. That number is largely projected backwards from 1973 data and it is hard to believe that war-ravaged Belarus was actually in good condition.

There is little historical information about Northeastern Europe before the 9th century. I have followed Phersu Atlas in ascribing control vaguely known tribal confederations and kingdoms at times.

I have identified the Kievan Rus state as Russia because that it was its contemporaries called it (in Latin). The breakup of the Kievan Rus was a gradual process and I have followed the Phersu Atlas in its timing.

Here is my summary of who controlled Belarus

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Belarus	-3000	-800	None-1,
Belarus	-799	-300	None-0.84,Scythians-0.16,
Belarus	-299	340	None-1,
Belarus	341	374	None-0.68,Ostrogoths-0.32,
Belarus	375	376	Huns-0.16,None-0.68,Ostrogoths-0.16,
Belarus	377	469	Huns-0.16,None-0.84,
Belarus	470	518	None-1,
Belarus	519	602	Antes-0.16,None-0.84,
Belarus	603	862	None-1,
Belarus	863	881	None-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	882	980	None-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	981	1000	Russia-1,
Belarus	1001	1100	Polotsk-0.36,Russia-0.64,
Belarus	1101	1101	Polotsk-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	1102	1127	Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.48,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1128	1132	Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1133	1133	Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1134	1165	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1166	1167	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Smolensk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1168	1186	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1187	1195	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Smolensk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1196	1199	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1200	1200	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1201	1214	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1215	1221	Chernigov-0.16,Hungary-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1222	1239	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1240	1240	Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.16,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1241	1241	Galicia-0.16,Lithuania-0.32,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1242	1242	Lithuania-0.32,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1243	1256	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1257	1258	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1259	1259	Lithuania-0.16,Mongol-0.52,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1260	1260	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1261	1275	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1276	1276	Golden Horde-0.84,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1277	1279	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1280	1280	Golden Horde-0.84,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1281	1315	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1316	1320	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.68,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1321	1325	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1326	1326	Golden Horde-1,
Belarus	1327	1348	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1349	1352	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.68,Poland-0.16,
Belarus	1353	1356	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1357	1366	Lithuania-1,
Belarus	1367	1370	Lithuania-0.84,Poland-0.16,
Belarus	1371	1384	Lithuania-1,
Belarus	1385	1385	Lithuania-0.8,Poland-0.2,
Belarus	1386	1425	Poland-1,
Belarus	1426	1435	Gorodenskoe-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1436	1483	Poland-0.84,Tver-0.16,
Belarus	1484	1519	Moscow-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1520	1522	Moscow-0.68,Poland-0.32,
Belarus	1523	1535	Moscow-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1536	1564	Poland-1,
Belarus	1565	1582	Poland-0.68,Russia-0.32,
Belarus	1583	1628	Poland-1,
Belarus	1629	1629	Nogai-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1630	1654	Poland-1,
Belarus	1655	1655	Poland-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	1656	1657	Poland-0.64,Russia-0.36,
Belarus	1658	1667	Poland-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	1668	1704	Poland-1,
Belarus	1705	1705	Poland-0.8,Russia-0.2,
Belarus	1706	1708	Poland-0.64,Russia-0.36,
Belarus	1709	1721	Poland-0.48,Russia-0.32,Sweden-0.2,
Belarus	1722	1738	Poland-1,
Belarus	1739	1764	Saxony-1,
Belarus	1765	1791	Russia-1,
Belarus	1792	1792	Poland-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	1793	1915	Russia-1,
Belarus	1916	1917	Germany-0.32,Russia-0.68,
Belarus	1918	1918	Germany-0.32,Soviet Union-0.52,Ukraine-0.16,
Belarus	1919	1919	Poland-0.32,Soviet Union-0.68,
Belarus	1920	1920	Poland-0.52,Soviet Union-0.48,
Belarus	1921	1939	Poland-0.32,Soviet Union-0.68,
Belarus	1940	1941	Russia-0.16,Soviet Union-0.84,
Belarus	1942	1943	Germany-1,
Belarus	1944	1944	Germany-0.68,Soviet Union-0.32,
Belarus	1945	1991	Soviet Union-1,
Belarus	1992	2022	Belarus-1,

Peak Year: 933, 1.8% of world GDP

This part of the world is populous but it remained backward economically until recent decades.

Much of the early history of Bangladesh is obscure. Phersu Atlas shows substantial gaps and often contradicts Geacron. The Wikipedia entries are somewhat useful but there seems to be a lack of primary sources.

Phersu Atlas even contradicts ifself. For example, see this map for 700 CE

which contradicts the city data for Dhaka

The 1 year rule of Gauda looks like an error.

Geacron shows a completely different 700 CE

There are also some spelling discrepancies.

I am following the Wikipedia by using Varendra.

I have redid this using Phersu Atlas. Phersu-Atlas is more thorough than other online sources. https://phersu-atlas.com/

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Afghanistan	-3000	-800	None-1,
Afghanistan	-799	-687	None-0.5,Scythians-0.5,
Afghanistan	-686	-654	Media-1,
Afghanistan	-653	-653	Media-0.75,Scythians-0.25,
Afghanistan	-652	-625	Scythians-1,
Afghanistan	-624	-600	Media-1,
Afghanistan	-599	-551	Kapisa-0.25,Media-0.75,
Afghanistan	-550	-550	Kapisa-0.25,Media-0.5,Persia-0.25,
Afghanistan	-549	-450	Kapisa-0.25,Persia-0.75,
Afghanistan	-449	-330	Kambojas-0.25,Persia-0.75,
Afghanistan	-329	-329	Kambojas-0.25,Macedon-0.5,Persia-0.25,
Afghanistan	-328	-315	Macedon-1,
Afghanistan	-314	-312	Antigonus-1,
Afghanistan	-311	-309	Antigonus-0.75,Seleucid-0.25,
Afghanistan	-308	-303	Seleucid-1,
Afghanistan	-302	-250	Maurya-0.5,Seleucid-0.5,
Afghanistan	-249	-210	Bactria-1,
Afghanistan	-209	-207	Bactria-0.75,Seleucid-0.25,
Afghanistan	-206	-167	Bactria-1,
Afghanistan	-166	-120	Bactria-0.5,Parthia-0.5,
Afghanistan	-119	-50	Arachosia-0.25,Parthia-0.75,
Afghanistan	-49	18	Kushan-0.25,Parthia-0.75,
Afghanistan	19	19	Kushan-0.25,Pahlavas-0.25,Parthia-0.5,
Afghanistan	20	50	Pahlavas-0.25,Pallava-0.25,Parthia-0.5,
Afghanistan	51	100	Kushan-0.25,Pahlavas-0.25,Parthia-0.5,
Afghanistan	101	127	Kushan-0.5,Pahlavas-0.25,Parthia-0.25,
Afghanistan	128	200	Kushan-0.75,Parthia-0.25,
Afghanistan	201	225	Kushan-1,
Afghanistan	226	370	Kushan-0.25,Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom-0.75,
Afghanistan	371	375	Alchon Huns-0.25,Kidarites-0.5,Kushan-0.25,
Afghanistan	376	388	Alchon Huns-0.25,Kidarites-0.75,
Afghanistan	389	450	Alchon Huns-0.5,Kidarites-0.5,
Afghanistan	451	484	Alchon Huns-0.25,Hephthalite-0.25,Sassanid-0.5,
Afghanistan	485	485	Hephthalite-0.5,Nezak Hun-0.25,Sassanid-0.25,
Afghanistan	486	560	Hephthalite-0.25,Nezak Hun-0.25,Sassanid-0.5,
Afghanistan	561	565	Nezak Hun-0.25,Sassanid-0.75,
Afghanistan	566	572	Sassanid-0.75,Tokhara Yabghus-0.25,
Afghanistan	573	581	Gokturks-0.25,Sassanid-0.5,Tokhara Yabghus-0.25,
Afghanistan	582	588	Sassanid-0.5,Tokhara Yabghus-0.25,Western Göktürks-0.25,
Afghanistan	589	589	Sassanid-0.75,Western Göktürks-0.25,
Afghanistan	590	600	Sassanid-1,
Afghanistan	601	625	Kapisa-0.25,Sassanid-0.75,
Afghanistan	626	653	Sassanid-0.75,Tokhara Yabghus-0.25,
Afghanistan	654	661	Caliphate-0.25,Sassanid-0.75,
Afghanistan	662	665	Sassanid-0.75,Umayyad-0.25,
Afghanistan	666	670	Sassanid-0.75,Turk Shahis-0.25,
Afghanistan	671	715	Turk Shahis-0.25,Umayyad-0.75,
Afghanistan	716	740	Umayyad-1,
Afghanistan	741	750	Karkota-0.25,Umayyad-0.75,
Afghanistan	751	760	Abbasid-0.75,Karkota-0.25,
Afghanistan	761	865	Abbasid-1,
Afghanistan	866	870	Abbasid-0.5,Saffarid-0.5,
Afghanistan	871	876	Abbasid-0.25,Saffarid-0.75,
Afghanistan	877	879	Saffarid-1,
Afghanistan	880	900	Hindu Shahis-0.25,Saffarid-0.75,
Afghanistan	901	901	Saffarid-0.75,Samanid-0.25,
Afghanistan	902	977	Samanid-1,
Afghanistan	978	990	Ghaznavids-0.5,Samanid-0.5,
Afghanistan	991	1072	Ghaznavids-1,
Afghanistan	1073	1095	Ghaznavids-0.5,Western Karakhanid-0.5,
Afghanistan	1096	1117	Ghaznavids-0.5,Seljuq-0.5,
Afghanistan	1118	1141	Seljuq-1,
Afghanistan	1142	1157	Kara-Khitan-0.5,Seljuq-0.5,
Afghanistan	1158	1180	Ghaznavids-0.5,Kara-Khitan-0.5,
Afghanistan	1181	1186	Ghaznavids-0.5,Khwarezm-0.5,
Afghanistan	1187	1206	Ghurid-0.5,Khwarezm-0.5,
Afghanistan	1207	1215	Delhi-0.5,Khwarezm-0.5,
Afghanistan	1216	1220	Khwarezm-1,
Afghanistan	1221	1221	Khwarezm-0.75,Mongol-0.25,
Afghanistan	1222	1260	Mongol-1,
Afghanistan	1261	1335	Chagatai-0.25,Ilkhanate-0.75,
Afghanistan	1336	1336	Golden Horde-0.25,Kartids-0.75,
Afghanistan	1337	1357	Ilkhanate-0.25,Kartids-0.75,
Afghanistan	1358	1381	Herat-0.25,Kartids-0.75,
Afghanistan	1382	1383	Herat-0.25,Timurid-0.75,
Afghanistan	1384	1469	Timurid-1,
Afghanistan	1470	1502	Arghun dynasty-0.25,Timurid-0.75,
Afghanistan	1503	1504	Arghun dynasty-0.5,Timurid-0.5,
Afghanistan	1505	1507	Arghun dynasty-0.25,Timurid-0.75,
Afghanistan	1508	1511	Arghun dynasty-0.25,Bukhara-0.75,
Afghanistan	1512	1554	Arghun dynasty-0.25,Bukhara-0.25,Safavids-0.5,
Afghanistan	1555	1591	Bukhara-0.25,Safavids-0.5,Tarkhan-0.25,
Afghanistan	1592	1594	Bukhara-0.25,Mughal-0.25,Safavids-0.5,
Afghanistan	1595	1649	Bukhara-0.5,Mughal-0.25,Safavids-0.25,
Afghanistan	1650	1700	Bukhara-0.5,Safavids-0.5,
Afghanistan	1701	1709	Mughal-1,
Afghanistan	1710	1719	Hotak-0.25,Mughal-0.75,
Afghanistan	1720	1722	Hotak-0.25,Maratha-0.75,
Afghanistan	1723	1729	Hotak-0.75,Maratha-0.25,
Afghanistan	1730	1736	Hotak-0.5,Maratha-0.25,Safavids-0.25,
Afghanistan	1737	1738	Afsharid-0.25,Hotak-0.5,Maratha-0.25,
Afghanistan	1739	1740	Afsharid-0.75,Maratha-0.25,
Afghanistan	1741	1747	Afsharid-1,
Afghanistan	1748	1750	Afghanistan-0.75,Afsharid-0.25,
Afghanistan	1751	1839	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1840	1842	Afghanistan-0.25,United Kingdom-0.75,
Afghanistan	1843	1856	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1857	1857	Afghanistan-0.75,Persia-0.25,
Afghanistan	1858	1879	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1880	1880	Afghanistan-0.25,United Kingdom-0.75,
Afghanistan	1881	1979	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1980	1980	Afghanistan-0.5,Soviet Union-0.5,
Afghanistan	1981	1989	Soviet Union-1,
Afghanistan	1990	2000	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	2001	2001	Afghanistan-0.75,United States-0.25,
Afghanistan	2002	2002	Afghanistan-0.25,United States-0.75,
Afghanistan	2003	2022	Afghanistan-1,

The modern nation of Afghanistan had normally been at the periphery of empires.

Peak Year: 2997 BCE (1.2% of world GDP/population)

Here is how I have allocated its territory over time.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Afghanistan	-3000	-551	None-1,
Afghanistan	-550	-330	Persia-1,
Afghanistan	-329	-328	Macedon-0.5,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	-327	-323	Macedon-1,
Afghanistan	-322	-305	Bactria-1,
Afghanistan	-304	-249	Maurya-0.5,Seleucid-0.5,
Afghanistan	-248	-227	Bactria-0.25,Maurya-0.5,Seleucid-0.25,
Afghanistan	-226	-226	Bactria-0.75,Seleucid-0.25,
Afghanistan	-225	-196	Maurya-1,
Afghanistan	-195	-130	Bactria-1,
Afghanistan	-129	-100	Arachosia-0.25,Parthia-0.5,Tocharians-0.25,
Afghanistan	-99	-70	Arachosia-0.25,Parthia-0.75,
Afghanistan	-69	20	Parthia-1,
Afghanistan	21	55	Indo-Parthian-0.75,Parthia-0.25,
Afghanistan	56	80	Indo-Parthian-0.25,Kushan-0.5,Parthia-0.25,
Afghanistan	81	250	Kushan-1,
Afghanistan	251	650	Sassanid-1,
Afghanistan	651	651	Caliphate-0.5,Kapisa-0.25,Sassanid-0.25,
Afghanistan	652	661	Caliphate-0.5,Kapisa-0.5,
Afghanistan	662	669	Kapisa-0.5,Umayyad-0.5,
Afghanistan	670	750	Umayyad-1,
Afghanistan	751	861	Abbasid-1,
Afghanistan	862	900	Sistan-1,
Afghanistan	901	997	Samanid-1,
Afghanistan	998	1035	Ghaznavids-1,
Afghanistan	1036	1040	Ghaznavids-0.75,Seljuq-0.25,
Afghanistan	1041	1095	Ghaznavids-0.5,Seljuq-0.5,
Afghanistan	1096	1149	Ghaznavids-0.5,Khorasan-0.5,
Afghanistan	1150	1165	Ghaznavids-0.25,Ghurid-0.25,Khorasan-0.5,
Afghanistan	1166	1205	Ghurid-0.5,Khorasan-0.5,
Afghanistan	1206	1207	Ghurid-0.5,Khwarezm-0.5,
Afghanistan	1208	1221	Khwarezm-1,
Afghanistan	1222	1262	Mongol-1,
Afghanistan	1263	1335	Chagatai-0.25,Ilkhanate-0.75,
Afghanistan	1336	1381	Chagatai-0.25,Herat-0.75,
Afghanistan	1382	1383	Herat-0.25,Timurid-0.75,
Afghanistan	1384	1504	Timurid-1,
Afghanistan	1505	1507	Mughal-0.25,Timurid-0.75,
Afghanistan	1508	1510	Bukhara-0.5,Mughal-0.25,Timurid-0.25,
Afghanistan	1511	1522	Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.5,Timurid-0.25,
Afghanistan	1523	1585	Mughal-0.5,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	1586	1597	Bukhara-0.25,Mughal-0.5,Persia-0.25,
Afghanistan	1598	1622	Mughal-0.5,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	1623	1638	Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.75,
Afghanistan	1639	1648	Mughal-0.5,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	1649	1709	Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.75,
Afghanistan	1710	1722	Afghanistan-0.25,Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	1723	1729	Afghanistan-0.5,Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.25,
Afghanistan	1730	1738	Afghanistan-0.25,Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.5,
Afghanistan	1739	1739	Mughal-0.25,Persia-0.75,
Afghanistan	1740	1747	Persia-1,
Afghanistan	1748	1839	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1840	1842	Afghanistan-0.5,United Kingdom-0.5,
Afghanistan	1843	1979	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1980	1989	Soviet Union-1,
Afghanistan	1990	1995	Afghanistan-1,
Afghanistan	1996	1997	Afghanistan-Northern Alliance-0.25,Afghanistan-Taliban-0.75,
Afghanistan	1998	2022	Afghanistan-1,

Notes

1. I start Afghan history with the Persian conquest. The Gandhara kingdom does not seem to have extended into Afghanistan. The Kamboja kingdom seems to more of language group and its dates are unclear. The Median conquest is also unclear.
2. I allocated the GDP of Afghanistan based upon the following 4 cities: Balkh, Herat, Kabul/Bagram, Kandahar
3. My primary sources have been the Wikipedia and Geacron.

It was common in European feudalism, to have a various territories to have the same ruler despite being administratively and even geographically separated. I view that it is important to show these as being a single state.

In most cases, I identify this by the primary or home territory of the ruler. For example, the Habsburg (or Hapsburg) Empire is called Austria, which also corresponds to what it was actually called during its time.

Peak: 1300 (7.8%)

France was unaffected by the Mongol conquests. Other parts of Europe grew faster after 1300.

Peak Year: 1991 (8.7%)

Japan was the first Asian nation to industrialize. With its large population it became the world’s second largest economy, until China caught up.

Peak: 2999 BC (8.7%)

Intensive agriculture came later to Mexico than the Old World, so Mexico has the highest numbers at the start of the data.

Peak: 1939 (8.8%)

World War Two sharply reduced the size of the German economy. It recovered in its absolute terms, but growth in the rest of the world reduced its relative importance.

Peak: 1 CE (9.4%)

Maddison’s data only goes back to 1 CE. At that point, Italy was relatively wealthy as result of tribute collected throught the Roman Empire.