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History of Bulgaria – Modern Boundaries

June 24, 2026

Peak Year: 1967 (0.3%)

Bulgaria reaches its peak due to industrialization under communist rules. It soon fell behind.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Bulgaria	-3000	-600	None-1,
Bulgaria	-599	-513	None-0.8,Odessos-0.2,
Bulgaria	-512	-465	None-0.6,Odessos-0.2,Persia-0.2,
Bulgaria	-464	-431	None-0.6,Odessos-0.2,Odrysia-0.2,
Bulgaria	-430	-426	Odessos-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-425	-404	Athens-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-403	-359	Odessos-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-358	-355	Berisades-0.4,Cersebleptes-0.4,Odessos-0.2,
Bulgaria	-354	-346	Cersebleptes-0.4,Macedon-0.4,Odessos-0.2,
Bulgaria	-345	-335	Macedon-0.8,Odessos-0.2,
Bulgaria	-334	-323	Macedon-1,
Bulgaria	-322	-315	Macedon-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-314	-281	Lysimachos-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-280	-279	Odrysia-0.8,Ptolemy Ceraunus-0.2,
Bulgaria	-278	-277	Galatia-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-276	-252	Cassander-0.2,Odrysia-0.6,Tylis-0.2,
Bulgaria	-251	-212	Antigonus-0.2,Odrysia-0.6,Tylis-0.2,
Bulgaria	-211	-209	Antigonus-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-208	-208	Dardania-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-207	-183	Antigonus-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-182	-182	Antigonus-0.4,Odrysia-0.6,
Bulgaria	-181	-181	Antigonus-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-180	-179	Antigonus-0.8,Odrysia-0.2,
Bulgaria	-178	-168	Antigonus-0.2,Odrysia-0.8,
Bulgaria	-167	-43	Odrysia-0.8,Rome-0.2,
Bulgaria	-42	-42	Odrysia-0.8,Rome-Liberatores-0.2,
Bulgaria	-41	-20	Odrysia-0.8,Rome-0.2,
Bulgaria	-19	293	Rome-1,
Bulgaria	294	308	Rome-Galerius-1,
Bulgaria	309	311	Rome-Galerius-0.2,Rome-Licinius-0.8,
Bulgaria	312	316	Rome-Licinius-1,
Bulgaria	317	324	Rome-Constantine-0.2,Rome-Licinius-0.8,
Bulgaria	325	337	Rome-1,
Bulgaria	338	350	Rome-Constans-1,
Bulgaria	351	353	Rome-Magnentius-1,
Bulgaria	354	382	Rome-1,
Bulgaria	383	395	Ostrogoths-0.4,Rome-0.6,
Bulgaria	396	402	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Ostrogoths-0.4,
Bulgaria	403	447	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	448	448	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Huns-0.4,
Bulgaria	449	454	Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,Huns-0.2,
Bulgaria	455	583	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	584	584	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bulgaria	585	586	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	587	588	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bulgaria	589	593	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	594	594	Avars-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Bulgaria	595	622	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	623	623	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bulgaria	624	680	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	681	706	Bulgaria-0.6,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	707	836	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	837	856	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	857	863	Bulgaria-0.6,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	864	914	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	915	924	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	925	937	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	938	938	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Hungary-0.4,
Bulgaria	939	968	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	969	969	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Russia-0.4,
Bulgaria	970	971	Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Russia-0.8,
Bulgaria	972	986	Bulgaria-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Bulgaria	987	1001	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bulgaria	1002	1122	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	1123	1123	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Pecheneg-0.4,
Bulgaria	1124	1183	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bulgaria	1184	1185	Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bulgaria	1186	1187	Bulgaria-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Serbia-0.2,
Bulgaria	1188	1193	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Bulgaria	1194	1204	Bulgaria-0.6,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	1205	1205	Bulgaria-0.6,Latin Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	1206	1208	Bulgaria-0.8,Latin Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	1209	1230	Bulgaria-0.6,Latin Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	1231	1246	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1247	1255	Bulgaria-0.8,Nicaea-0.2,
Bulgaria	1256	1263	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1264	1299	Bulgaria-0.6,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	1300	1300	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Golden Horde-0.6,
Bulgaria	1301	1303	Bulgaria-0.6,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Bulgaria	1304	1320	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	1321	1322	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1323	1323	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	1324	1331	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1332	1342	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bulgaria	1343	1344	Bulgaria-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-Regency-0.6,
Bulgaria	1345	1347	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-Regency-0.2,
Bulgaria	1348	1350	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Bulgaria	1351	1356	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1357	1364	Bulgaria-0.8,Dobruja-0.2,
Bulgaria	1365	1371	Bulgaria-0.6,Dobruja-0.2,Ottoman-0.2,
Bulgaria	1372	1373	Bulgaria-0.4,Dobruja-0.2,Ottoman-0.4,
Bulgaria	1374	1387	Dobruja-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bulgaria	1388	1388	Dobruja-0.2,Moravian Serbia-0.2,Ottoman-0.6,
Bulgaria	1389	1403	Dobruja-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bulgaria	1404	1404	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Ottoman-0.2,Ottoman-Suleimain-0.4,
Bulgaria	1405	1411	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Ottoman-Suleimain-0.6,
Bulgaria	1412	1413	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Ottoman-Muhammad-0.4,Ottoman-Musa-0.2,
Bulgaria	1414	1443	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Ottoman-0.6,
Bulgaria	1444	1444	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Hungary-0.2,Ottoman-0.4,
Bulgaria	1445	1453	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Ottoman-0.6,
Bulgaria	1454	1689	Ottoman-1,
Bulgaria	1690	1690	Austria-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bulgaria	1691	1810	Ottoman-1,
Bulgaria	1811	1811	Ottoman-0.8,Russia-0.2,
Bulgaria	1812	1878	Ottoman-1,
Bulgaria	1879	1885	Bulgaria-0.6,Ottoman-0.4,
Bulgaria	1886	1944	Bulgaria-1,
Bulgaria	1945	1946	Soviet Union-1,
Bulgaria	1947	2022	Bulgaria-1,

History of Brazil – Modern Boundaries

June 2, 2026

Peak Year: 3000 BC (6.3%)

Brazil had a relatively dense population in the pre-Columbian period, which fell catostrophically with the introduction of Malaria and Yellow fever. The proportions assigned to None in the 16th & 17th centuries are probably too high. In historical times, Brazil has been unified with only a few brief and limited interventions and civil wars.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Brazil	-3000	1500	none-1,
Brazil	1501	1501	none-0.86,Portugal-0.14,
Brazil	1502	1531	none-0.78,Portugal-0.22,
Brazil	1532	1611	none-0.56,Portugal-0.44,
Brazil	1612	1615	France-0.07,none-0.49,Portugal-0.44,
Brazil	1616	1635	none-0.49,Portugal-0.51,
Brazil	1636	1641	Netherlands-0.07,none-0.49,Portugal-0.44,
Brazil	1642	1642	Netherlands-0.28,none-0.42,Portugal-0.3,
Brazil	1643	1645	Netherlands-0.35,none-0.42,Portugal-0.23,
Brazil	1646	1654	Netherlands-0.21,none-0.42,Portugal-0.37,
Brazil	1655	1754	none-0.28,Portugal-0.72,
Brazil	1755	1790	none-0.07,Portugal-0.93,
Brazil	1791	1822	Portugal-1,
Brazil	1823	1823	Brazil-0.65,Portugal-0.35,
Brazil	1824	1824	Brazil-0.93,Portugal-0.07,
Brazil	1825	1835	Brazil-1,
Brazil	1836	1836	Brazil-0.86,Cabanos-0.14,
Brazil	1837	1839	Brazil-1,
Brazil	1840	1845	Brazil-0.93,Riograndense-0.07,
Brazil	1846	2022	Brazil-1,

History of Botswana

May 12, 2026

Peak Relative GDP: 0.03% (2014)

Botswana seems to have been largely outside of the pre-colonial empires of Great Zimbabwe and Rozwi. Even though it was nominally a protectorate, by 1892 it was under full British control.

Botswana has had decent economic growth in the 21st century, due to diamonds and other mineral resources.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Botswana	-3000	1429	None-1,
Botswana	1430	1512	Mutapa-0.2,None-0.8,
Botswana	1513	1513	Butua-0.2,None-0.8,
Botswana	1514	1570	Mutapa-0.2,None-0.8,
Botswana	1571	1599	Bakwena-0.2,Mutapa-0.2,None-0.6,
Botswana	1600	1610	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,Mutapa-0.2,None-0.4,
Botswana	1611	1628	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,Mutapa-0.2,None-0.2,
Botswana	1629	1663	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,None-0.2,Portugal-0.2,
Botswana	1664	1694	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,None-0.2,Rozwi-0.2,
Botswana	1695	1712	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,None-0.2,Portugal-0.2,
Botswana	1713	1719	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,None-0.2,Rozwi-0.2,
Botswana	1720	1746	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,Mutapa-0.2,None-0.2,
Botswana	1747	1759	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,BaTawana-0.2,Mutapa-0.2,
Botswana	1760	1836	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,BaTawana-0.2,Rozwi-0.2,
Botswana	1837	1883	Bakwena-0.2,Bangwaketse-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,BaTawana-0.2,Matabele-0.2,
Botswana	1884	1885	Bakwena-0.2,BaNgwato-0.2,BaTawana-0.2,Bechuanaland-0.2,Matabele-0.2,
Botswana	1886	1891	Bechuanaland-0.8,Matabele-0.2,
Botswana	1892	1893	Matabele-0.2,United Kingdom-0.8,
Botswana	1894	1966	United Kingdom-1,
Botswana	1967	2022	Botswana-1,

History of Bosnia – Modern Boundaries

April 24, 2026

Peak Year: 1044 BCE (0.14%)

There is no information on polities in this area before the Roman Conquest. During the Yugoslav Civil War, most of the major cities were controlled by the new Bosnian govenment. I am viewing the Republika Srpska as an independent state until the dissolution of its army 2006.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Bosnia	-3000	-19	None-1,
Bosnia	-18	-12	None-0.8,Rome-0.2,
Bosnia	-11	306	Rome-1,
Bosnia	307	308	Rome-Galerius-1,
Bosnia	309	316	Rome-Licinius-1,
Bosnia	317	324	Rome-Constantine-1,
Bosnia	325	337	Rome-1,
Bosnia	338	350	Rome-Constans-1,
Bosnia	351	353	Rome-Magnentius-1,
Bosnia	354	395	Rome-1,
Bosnia	396	402	Western Roman Empire-1,
Bosnia	403	480	Ostrogoths-0.8,Western Roman Empire-0.2,
Bosnia	481	490	Odoacer-0.2,Ostrogoths-0.8,
Bosnia	491	535	Ostrogoths-1,
Bosnia	536	536	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bosnia	537	537	Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,Ostrogoths-0.2,
Bosnia	538	562	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bosnia	563	583	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bosnia	584	584	Avars-1,
Bosnia	585	586	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bosnia	587	587	Avars-1,
Bosnia	588	595	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bosnia	596	596	Avars-1,
Bosnia	597	610	Avars-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,
Bosnia	611	615	Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Raska-0.8,
Bosnia	616	630	Avars-0.2,Raska-0.8,
Bosnia	631	730	Raska-0.8,Zachlumia-0.2,
Bosnia	731	738	Raska-0.2,Serbia-0.6,Zachlumia-0.2,
Bosnia	739	850	Serbia-0.8,Zachlumia-0.2,
Bosnia	851	921	Serbia-1,
Bosnia	922	922	Hungary-1,
Bosnia	923	924	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Serbia-0.4,
Bosnia	925	927	Bulgaria-1,
Bosnia	928	928	Hungary-1,
Bosnia	929	937	Serbia-1,
Bosnia	938	938	Hungary-1,
Bosnia	939	947	Serbia-1,
Bosnia	948	948	Hungary-1,
Bosnia	949	971	Serbia-1,
Bosnia	972	1037	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Bosnia	1038	1043	Dioclea-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Bosnia	1044	1146	Dioclea-1,
Bosnia	1147	1166	Dioclea-0.2,Serbia-0.8,
Bosnia	1167	1180	Serbia-1,
Bosnia	1181	1235	Bosnia-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bosnia	1236	1236	Hungary-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bosnia	1237	1254	Bosnia-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bosnia	1255	1255	Bosnia-1,
Bosnia	1256	1282	Bosnia-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bosnia	1283	1323	Bosnia-0.6,Serbia-0.2,Syrmia-0.2,
Bosnia	1324	1325	Bosnia-0.8,Syrmia-0.2,
Bosnia	1326	1350	Bosnia-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Bosnia	1351	1371	Bosnia-0.6,Serbia-0.4,
Bosnia	1372	1435	Bosnia-1,
Bosnia	1436	1463	Bosnia-0.8,Saint Sava-0.2,
Bosnia	1464	1482	Hungary-0.2,Ottoman-0.6,Saint Sava-0.2,
Bosnia	1483	1490	Hungary-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bosnia	1491	1526	Bohemia-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bosnia	1527	1697	Ottoman-1,
Bosnia	1698	1699	Austria-0.2,Ottoman-0.8,
Bosnia	1700	1878	Ottoman-1,
Bosnia	1879	1918	Austria-1,
Bosnia	1919	1941	Yugoslavia-1,
Bosnia	1942	1943	Germany-1,
Bosnia	1944	1944	Germany-0.6,Yugoslavia-0.4,
Bosnia	1945	1945	Germany-0.2,Yugoslavia-0.8,
Bosnia	1946	1992	Yugoslavia-1,
Bosnia	1993	1994	Bosnia-0.6,Croatia-0.2,Srpska-0.2,
Bosnia	1995	2005	Bosnia-0.8,Srpska-0.2,
Bosnia	2006	2022	Bosnia-1,

History of Bolivia – Modern Boundaries

April 19, 2026

Peak Year: 3000 BCE (0.5%)

The history of Bolivia before the Inca conquest is largely guesswork.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Bolivia	-3000	110	None-1,
Bolivia	111	550	None-0.6,Tiwanaku-0.4,
Bolivia	551	1000	None-0.4,Tiwanaku-0.6,
Bolivia	1001	1438	None-0.6,Pacajes-0.2,Soras-0.2,
Bolivia	1439	1533	Inca-0.8,None-0.2,
Bolivia	1534	1598	None-0.2,Spain-0.8,
Bolivia	1599	1810	Spain-1,
Bolivia	1811	1811	Rio de la Plata-0.6,Spain-0.4,
Bolivia	1812	1812	Rio de la Plata-0.4,Spain-0.6,
Bolivia	1813	1813	Rio de la Plata-0.2,Spain-0.8,
Bolivia	1814	1814	Rio de la Plata-0.4,Spain-0.6,
Bolivia	1815	1816	Rio de la Plata-0.2,Spain-0.8,
Bolivia	1817	1822	Rio de la Plata-0.8,Spain-0.2,
Bolivia	1823	1825	Rio de la Plata-0.6,Spain-0.4,
Bolivia	1826	1836	Bolivia-1,
Bolivia	1837	1839	Peru-Bolivia-1,
Bolivia	1840	2022	Bolivia-1,

History of Algeria – Modern Boundaries

April 13, 2026

Peak Year: 1003 BCE (1.1%)

Some sources miss the Mauro-Roman Kingdom but Phersu Atlas has it. All the atlases ignore the Odjak of Algiers Revolution which ended effective Ottoman rule in 1659.

I view the Vichy French regime in WW2 as still being France, as the Germans had no garrisons, control of military forces or revenue in French Algeria. In effect, they were an ally of Germany.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Algeria	-3000	-400	Carthage-0.2,None-0.8,
Algeria	-399	-300	Carthage-0.52,None-0.48,
Algeria	-299	-237	Carthage-0.52,Massylii-0.16,Mauretania-0.32,
Algeria	-236	-201	Carthage-0.68,Mauretania-0.32,
Algeria	-200	-116	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.68,
Algeria	-115	-113	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.2,Numidia-Adherbal-0.32,Numidia-Jugurtha-0.16,
Algeria	-112	-112	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.36,Numidia-Adherbal-0.16,Numidia-Jugurtha-0.16,
Algeria	-111	-109	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.68,
Algeria	-108	-108	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.36,Rome-0.32,
Algeria	-107	-107	Mauretania-0.48,Numidia-0.36,Rome-0.16,
Algeria	-106	-106	Mauretania-0.32,Numidia-0.52,Rome-0.16,
Algeria	-105	-25	Mauretania-0.68,Rome-0.32,
Algeria	-24	305	Rome-1,
Algeria	306	307	Rome-Severus-1,
Algeria	308	308	Rome-Maxentius-1,
Algeria	309	311	Rome-Domitius Alexander-1,
Algeria	312	313	Rome-Maxentius-1,
Algeria	314	324	Rome-Constantine-1,
Algeria	325	337	Rome-1,
Algeria	338	350	Rome-Constans-1,
Algeria	351	351	Rome-Magnentius-1,
Algeria	352	353	Rome-Constantius-1,
Algeria	354	395	Rome-1,
Algeria	396	429	Western Roman Empire-1,
Algeria	430	430	Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.16,Vandal Kingdom-0.36,Western Roman Empire-0.48,
Algeria	431	431	Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.32,Vandal Kingdom-0.52,Western Roman Empire-0.16,
Algeria	432	533	Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.32,Vandal Kingdom-0.68,
Algeria	534	534	Eastern Roman Empire-0.16,Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.32,Vandal Kingdom-0.52,
Algeria	535	571	Eastern Roman Empire-0.68,Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.32,
Algeria	572	572	Mauro-Roman Kingdom-1,
Algeria	573	578	Eastern Roman Empire-0.68,Mauro-Roman Kingdom-0.32,
Algeria	579	700	Altava-0.16,Eastern Roman Empire-0.68,Ourasenis-0.16,
Algeria	701	708	Altava-0.16,Ourasenis-0.16,Umayyad-0.68,
Algeria	709	742	Umayyad-1,
Algeria	743	750	Tlemcen-0.32,Umayyad-0.68,
Algeria	751	767	Abbasid-0.68,Tlemcen-0.32,
Algeria	768	790	Abbasid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	791	800	Abbasid-0.48,Rustamid-0.52,
Algeria	801	909	Aghlabid-0.48,Rustamid-0.52,
Algeria	910	1014	Fatimid-1,
Algeria	1015	1049	Fatimid-0.52,Hammadid-0.48,
Algeria	1050	1057	Hammadid-0.48,Zirid-0.52,
Algeria	1058	1080	Almoravid-0.32,Hammadid-0.68,
Algeria	1081	1145	Almoravid-0.52,Hammadid-0.48,
Algeria	1146	1147	Almohad-0.32,Almoravid-0.2,Hammadid-0.48,
Algeria	1148	1152	Almohad-0.52,Hammadid-0.48,
Algeria	1153	1158	Almohad-0.84,Sicily-0.16,
Algeria	1159	1229	Almohad-1,
Algeria	1230	1235	Almohad-0.52,Hafsid-0.48,
Algeria	1236	1242	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1243	1320	Hafsid-1,
Algeria	1321	1337	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1338	1347	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.16,Tlemcen-0.36,
Algeria	1348	1348	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.52,
Algeria	1349	1352	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1353	1353	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.52,
Algeria	1354	1357	Hafsid-0.32,Marinid-0.68,
Algeria	1358	1359	Marinid-1,
Algeria	1360	1360	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1361	1361	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.16,Tlemcen-0.36,
Algeria	1362	1370	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1371	1371	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.16,Tlemcen-0.36,
Algeria	1372	1385	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1386	1389	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.16,Tlemcen-0.36,
Algeria	1390	1424	Hafsid-0.48,Marinid-0.52,
Algeria	1425	1500	Hafsid-1,
Algeria	1501	1509	Hafsid-0.48,Tlemcen-0.52,
Algeria	1510	1510	Hafsid-0.48,Spain-0.16,Tlemcen-0.36,
Algeria	1511	1512	Algiers-0.2,Hafsid-0.32,Spain-0.32,Tlemcen-0.16,
Algeria	1513	1516	Algiers-0.2,Hafsid-0.32,Spain-0.48,
Algeria	1517	1518	Hafsid-0.32,Ottoman-0.2,Spain-0.48,
Algeria	1519	1519	Hafsid-0.32,Ottoman-0.2,Spain-0.32,Tlemcen-0.16,
Algeria	1520	1521	Algiers-0.2,Hafsid-0.32,Ottoman-0.16,Spain-0.32,
Algeria	1522	1522	Algiers-0.2,Hafsid-0.16,Ottoman-0.32,Spain-0.32,
Algeria	1523	1525	Algiers-0.2,Ottoman-0.48,Spain-0.32,
Algeria	1526	1535	Ottoman-0.68,Spain-0.32,
Algeria	1536	1540	Ottoman-0.36,Spain-0.64,
Algeria	1541	1554	Ottoman-0.52,Spain-0.48,
Algeria	1555	1555	Ottoman-0.36,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.48,
Algeria	1556	1569	Ottoman-0.52,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.32,
Algeria	1570	1573	Ottoman-0.68,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.16,
Algeria	1574	1574	Ottoman-0.36,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.48,
Algeria	1575	1658	Ottoman-0.68,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.16,
Algeria	1659	1659	Algiers-0.52,Ottoman-0.16,Saadi-0.16,Spain-0.16,
Algeria	1660	1708	Algiers-0.68,Morocco-0.16,Spain-0.16,
Algeria	1709	1732	Algiers-0.84,Morocco-0.16,
Algeria	1733	1792	Algiers-0.68,Morocco-0.16,Spain-0.16,
Algeria	1793	1830	Algiers-0.84,Morocco-0.16,
Algeria	1831	1832	Algiers-0.32,France-0.52,Morocco-0.16,
Algeria	1833	1835	Algiers-0.16,France-0.68,Morocco-0.16,
Algeria	1836	1836	France-0.84,Morocco-0.16,
Algeria	1837	1837	France-1,
Algeria	1838	1840	Abdelkader-0.16,France-0.84,
Algeria	1841	1962	France-1,
Algeria	1963	2022	Algeria-1,

History of Benin – Modern Boundaries

March 28, 2026

Peak Year: 1700 (0.4%)

Benin’s peak reflects its role in the Atlantic slave trade.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Benin	-3000	1299	None-1,
Benin	1300	1550	Ardra-0.3,None-0.7,
Benin	1551	1700	Allada-0.3,Benin-0.4,None-0.3,
Benin	1701	1724	Allada-0.3,Oyo-0.4,Parakou-0.3,
Benin	1725	1748	Dahomey-0.3,Oyo-0.4,Parakou-0.3,
Benin	1749	1823	Oyo-0.7,Parakou-0.3,
Benin	1824	1890	Dahomey-0.3,Oyo-0.4,Parakou-0.3,
Benin	1891	1894	Dahomey-0.3,France-0.4,Parakou-0.3,
Benin	1895	1960	France-1,
Benin	1961	1975	Dahomey-1,
Benin	1976	2022	Benin-1,

History of Belgium – Modern Boundaries

March 26, 2026

Peak Year: 1880 (1.3%)

Belgium industrialized early, but the rest of the world starting growing faster.

Phersu Atlas is the best source on this, despite some confusion about the Frankish sub-kingdoms. I consider the Holy Roman Empire to be the main polity until the interregnum of 1254. I view that Brabant was still basically part of France.

My choice of cities to examine exaggerates the importance of the Prince-Bishopric of Liege.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Belgium	-3000	-251	None-1,
Belgium	-250	-57	Belgae-1,
Belgium	-56	-56	Belgae-0.6,Rome-0.4,
Belgium	-55	-53	Belgae-0.4,Rome-0.6,
Belgium	-52	-49	Rome-1,
Belgium	-48	-45	Rome-Caesar-1,
Belgium	-44	260	Rome-1,
Belgium	261	274	Gallic Empire-1,
Belgium	275	306	Rome-1,
Belgium	307	324	Rome-Constantine-1,
Belgium	325	337	Rome-1,
Belgium	338	340	Rome-Constantine II-1,
Belgium	341	350	Rome-Constans-1,
Belgium	351	353	Rome-Magnentius-1,
Belgium	354	358	Rome-1,
Belgium	359	395	France-0.6,Rome-0.4,
Belgium	396	406	France-0.6,Western Roman Empire-0.4,
Belgium	407	411	France-0.6,Rome-Constantine III-0.2,Western Roman Empire-0.2,
Belgium	412	420	France-0.6,Western Roman Empire-0.4,
Belgium	421	451	France-1,
Belgium	452	452	France-0.4,Huns-0.6,
Belgium	453	511	France-0.8,Franks-0.2,
Belgium	512	558	Soissons-1,
Belgium	559	561	France-1,
Belgium	562	562	Metz-0.4,Soissons-0.6,
Belgium	563	563	Metz-1,
Belgium	564	573	Metz-0.4,Soissons-0.6,
Belgium	574	575	Metz-1,
Belgium	576	600	Metz-0.4,Soissons-0.6,
Belgium	601	612	Frisians-0.4,Metz-0.4,Soissons-0.2,
Belgium	613	613	Frisians-0.4,Orleans-0.4,Soissons-0.2,
Belgium	614	630	France-0.6,Frisians-0.4,
Belgium	631	639	France-1,
Belgium	640	661	Austrasia-0.4,Neustria-0.6,
Belgium	662	662	France-1,
Belgium	663	673	Austrasia-0.4,Neustria-0.6,
Belgium	674	676	France-1,
Belgium	677	679	Austrasia-0.4,France-0.2,Neustria-0.4,
Belgium	680	715	France-1,
Belgium	716	718	Austrasia-0.4,Neustria-0.6,
Belgium	719	741	France-1,
Belgium	742	747	Austrasia-0.4,Neustria-0.6,
Belgium	748	768	France-1,
Belgium	769	771	Austrasia-0.4,France-0.2,Neustria-0.4,
Belgium	772	842	France-1,
Belgium	843	843	France-0.6,Lotharingia-0.4,
Belgium	844	870	Lotharingia-1,
Belgium	871	880	France-1,
Belgium	881	882	Saxony-1,
Belgium	883	884	East Francia-0.8,France-0.2,
Belgium	885	887	France-1,
Belgium	888	888	East Francia-1,
Belgium	889	889	Burgundy-0.6,France-0.2,Lotharingia-0.2,
Belgium	890	890	East Francia-0.6,France-0.2,Lotharingia-0.2,
Belgium	891	898	East Francia-0.8,France-0.2,
Belgium	899	899	Burgundy-0.2,East Francia-0.8,
Belgium	900	900	East Francia-0.4,France-0.2,Lotharingia-0.4,
Belgium	901	911	East Francia-0.8,France-0.2,
Belgium	912	922	France-1,
Belgium	923	926	France-0.2,Lotharingia-0.8,
Belgium	927	929	Lotharingia-1,
Belgium	930	961	East Francia-0.8,France-0.2,
Belgium	962	962	East Francia-0.6,France-0.2,Holy Roman Empire-0.2,
Belgium	963	963	France-0.2,Holy Roman Empire-0.4,Lower Lotharingia-0.4,
Belgium	964	985	France-0.2,Holy Roman Empire-0.6,Lower Lotharingia-0.2,
Belgium	986	1254	France-0.2,Holy Roman Empire-0.8,
Belgium	1255	1272	Brabant-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1273	1278	Brabant-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.2,Luxembourg-0.2,
Belgium	1279	1302	Brabant-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1303	1357	Brabant-0.4,Flanders-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1358	1384	Brabant-0.2,Flanders-0.2,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1385	1405	Brabant-0.2,Burgundy-0.2,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1406	1430	Brabant-0.4,Burgundy-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1431	1482	Burgundy-0.6,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1483	1486	Austria-0.6,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1487	1513	Austria-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1514	1514	Austria-0.4,England-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1515	1529	Austria-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1530	1556	Austria-0.6,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1557	1579	Liege-0.4,Spain-0.6,
Belgium	1580	1581	Liege-0.4,Netherlands-0.4,Spain-0.2,
Belgium	1582	1584	Liege-0.4,Netherlands-0.6,
Belgium	1585	1585	Liege-0.4,Netherlands-0.4,Spain-0.2,
Belgium	1586	1676	Liege-0.4,Spain-0.6,
Belgium	1677	1678	France-0.2,Liege-0.4,Spain-0.4,
Belgium	1679	1693	Liege-0.4,Spain-0.6,
Belgium	1694	1695	France-0.2,Liege-0.2,Spain-0.6,
Belgium	1696	1701	Liege-0.2,Spain-0.8,
Belgium	1702	1706	France-0.8,Liege-0.2,
Belgium	1707	1713	France-0.2,Liege-0.2,Netherlands-0.6,
Belgium	1714	1714	Austria-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.2,Netherlands-0.2,
Belgium	1715	1745	Austria-0.6,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1746	1746	Austria-0.4,France-0.2,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1747	1748	Austria-0.2,France-0.6,Liege-0.2,
Belgium	1749	1794	Austria-0.6,Liege-0.4,
Belgium	1795	1815	France-1,
Belgium	1816	1830	Netherlands-1,
Belgium	1831	1831	Belgium-1,
Belgium	1832	1832	Belgium-0.8,Netherlands-0.2,
Belgium	1833	1914	Belgium-1,
Belgium	1915	1918	Germany-1,
Belgium	1919	1940	Belgium-1,
Belgium	1941	1944	Germany-1,
Belgium	1945	2022	Belgium-1,

History of Albania – Modern Boundaries

March 20, 2026

Peak Year: 1010 BCE (0.1% of world GDP)

Albania is relatively well-documented.

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Albania	-3000	-627	None-1,
Albania	-626	-450	Epidamnos-0.2,None-0.8,
Albania	-449	-356	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,None-0.6,
Albania	-355	-318	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Macedon-0.6,
Albania	-317	-317	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Macedon-0.4,Polyperchon-0.2,
Albania	-316	-316	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Macedon-0.2,Polyperchon-0.4,
Albania	-315	-315	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Macedon-0.6,
Albania	-314	-294	Apollonia-0.2,Cassander-0.6,Epidamnos-0.2,
Albania	-293	-286	Antigonus-0.6,Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,
Albania	-285	-285	Antigonus-0.2,Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Epirus-0.4,
Albania	-284	-281	Apollonia-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Lysimachos-0.6,
Albania	-280	-279	Apollonia-0.2,Ardiaei-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Ptolemy Ceraunus-0.4,
Albania	-278	-277	Apollonia-0.2,Ardiaei-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,Galatia-0.4,
Albania	-276	-252	Apollonia-0.2,Ardiaei-0.2,Cassander-0.4,Epidamnos-0.2,
Albania	-251	-250	Antigonus-0.4,Apollonia-0.2,Ardiaei-0.2,Epidamnos-0.2,
Albania	-249	-229	Apollonia-0.2,Ardiaei-0.6,Epidamnos-0.2,
Albania	-228	-222	Ardiaei-0.2,Rome-0.8,
Albania	-221	-219	Ardiaei-1,
Albania	-218	-214	Ardiaei-0.4,Rome-0.6,
Albania	-213	-209	Antigonus-0.2,Ardiaei-0.4,Rome-0.4,
Albania	-208	-208	Ardiaei-0.4,Dardania-0.2,Rome-0.4,
Albania	-207	-205	Antigonus-0.2,Ardiaei-0.4,Rome-0.4,
Albania	-204	-168	Ardiaei-0.4,Rome-0.6,
Albania	-167	-49	Rome-1,
Albania	-48	-48	Rome-0.6,Rome-Caesar-0.4,
Albania	-47	-45	Rome-0.8,Rome-Caesar-0.2,
Albania	-44	-43	Rome-1,
Albania	-42	-42	Rome-Liberatores-1,
Albania	-41	306	Rome-1,
Albania	307	308	Rome-Galerius-1,
Albania	309	311	Rome-Galerius-0.4,Rome-Licinius-0.6,
Albania	312	316	Rome-Licinius-1,
Albania	317	324	Rome-Constantine-1,
Albania	325	337	Rome-1,
Albania	338	350	Rome-Constans-1,
Albania	351	352	Rome-Magnentius-1,
Albania	353	353	Rome-0.2,Rome-Magnentius-0.8,
Albania	354	394	Rome-1,
Albania	395	395	Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Rome-0.8,
Albania	396	447	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	448	448	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Huns-0.6,
Albania	449	583	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	584	584	Avars-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Albania	585	586	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	587	587	Avars-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Albania	588	595	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	596	596	Avars-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Albania	597	904	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	905	937	Bulgaria-1,
Albania	938	938	Hungary-1,
Albania	939	969	Bulgaria-0.8,Hungary-0.2,
Albania	970	971	Russia-1,
Albania	972	1005	Bulgaria-1,
Albania	1006	1018	Bulgaria-0.8,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,
Albania	1019	1040	Eastern Roman Empire-1,
Albania	1041	1081	Dioclea-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Albania	1082	1085	Apulia-0.4,Dioclea-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,
Albania	1086	1146	Dioclea-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,
Albania	1147	1185	Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1186	1186	Serbia-0.2,Sicily-0.8,
Albania	1187	1204	Eastern Roman Empire-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1205	1205	Arbanon-0.4,Latin Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1206	1206	Arbanon-0.4,Latin Empire-0.2,Serbia-0.2,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1207	1213	Arbanon-0.4,Epirus-0.2,Serbia-0.2,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1214	1216	Arbanon-0.4,Epirus-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1217	1224	Epirus-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1225	1230	Latin Empire-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1231	1237	Bulgaria-0.6,Epirus-0.2,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1238	1246	Epirus-0.2,Latin Empire-0.6,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1247	1247	Epirus-0.2,Nicaea-0.6,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1248	1251	Epirus-0.6,Nicaea-0.2,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1252	1257	Epirus-0.2,Nicaea-0.6,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1258	1258	Epirus-0.4,Nicaea-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1259	1261	Nicaea-0.4,Serbia-0.2,Sicily-0.4,
Albania	1262	1266	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.2,Sicily-0.4,
Albania	1267	1271	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Epirus-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1272	1272	Angevins-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Epirus-0.2,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1273	1274	Angevins-0.8,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1275	1284	Angevins-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1285	1288	Angevins-0.4,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1289	1294	Angevins-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1295	1296	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1297	1299	Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.6,
Albania	1300	1304	Eastern Roman Empire-0.6,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1305	1312	Angevins-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.4,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1313	1342	Angevins-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-0.2,Serbia-0.6,
Albania	1343	1343	Angevins-0.2,Eastern Roman Empire-Regency-0.2,Serbia-0.6,
Albania	1344	1355	Angevins-0.2,Serbia-0.8,
Albania	1356	1356	Angevins-0.2,Serbia-0.6,Valona-0.2,
Albania	1357	1367	Angevins-0.2,Serbia-0.2,Serbia-Simeon-0.4,Valona-0.2,
Albania	1368	1368	Albania-0.2,Serbia-0.2,Serbia-Simeon-0.4,Valona-0.2,
Albania	1369	1371	Albania-0.6,Serbia-0.2,Valona-0.2,
Albania	1372	1376	Albania-0.6,Valona-0.2,Zeta-0.2,
Albania	1377	1383	Albania-0.4,Angevins-0.2,Valona-0.2,Zeta-0.2,
Albania	1384	1385	Albania-0.6,Valona-0.2,Zeta-0.2,
Albania	1386	1389	Albania-0.4,Valona-0.2,Zeta-0.4,
Albania	1390	1392	Albania-0.2,Kastrioti-0.2,Valona-0.2,Zeta-0.4,
Albania	1393	1396	Albania-0.2,Kastrioti-0.2,Valona-0.2,Venice-0.2,Zeta-0.2,
Albania	1397	1405	Albania-0.2,Kastrioti-0.2,Valona-0.2,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1406	1409	Albania-0.2,Kastrioti-0.2,Valona-0.2,Venice-0.2,Zeta-0.2,
Albania	1410	1415	Albania-0.2,Kastrioti-0.2,Valona-0.2,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1416	1417	Kastrioti-0.2,Ottoman-0.2,Valona-0.2,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1418	1421	Ottoman-0.6,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1422	1439	Ottoman-0.6,Serbia-0.2,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1440	1443	Ottoman-0.8,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1444	1444	Kastrioti-0.2,Ottoman-0.6,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1445	1447	Lezhe-0.4,Ottoman-0.2,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1448	1448	Lezhe-0.6,Ottoman-0.2,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1449	1468	Lezhe-0.4,Ottoman-0.2,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1469	1479	Ottoman-0.6,Venice-0.4,
Albania	1480	1501	Ottoman-0.8,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1502	1690	Ottoman-1,
Albania	1691	1691	Ottoman-0.8,Venice-0.2,
Albania	1692	1757	Ottoman-1,
Albania	1758	1774	Ottoman-0.8,Scutari-0.2,
Albania	1775	1787	Berat-0.6,Ottoman-0.2,Scutari-0.2,
Albania	1788	1809	Berat-0.6,Scutari-0.2,Yanina-0.2,
Albania	1810	1822	Scutari-0.2,Yanina-0.8,
Albania	1823	1831	Ottoman-0.8,Scutari-0.2,
Albania	1832	1912	Ottoman-1,
Albania	1913	1913	Albania-0.2,Greece-0.2,Ottoman-0.2,Serbia-0.4,
Albania	1914	1914	Albania-0.8,Montenegro-0.2,
Albania	1915	1915	Albania-0.6,Italy-0.2,Montenegro-0.2,
Albania	1916	1916	Albania-0.4,Italy-0.2,Montenegro-0.2,Serbia-0.2,
Albania	1917	1917	Austria-0.6,Italy-0.4,
Albania	1918	1918	Austria-0.8,Italy-0.2,
Albania	1919	1920	Albania-0.8,Italy-0.2,
Albania	1921	1926	Albania-1,
Albania	1927	1928	Italy-1,
Albania	1929	1939	Albania-1,
Albania	1940	1943	Italy-1,
Albania	1944	1944	Albania-0.4,Germany-0.6,
Albania	1945	2022	Albania-1,

History of Belarus – Modern Boundaries

March 12, 2026

Peak GDP Year: 1947 (0.6%)

The peak year of 1947, reflects industrialization under Stalin. That number is largely projected backwards from 1973 data and it is hard to believe that war-ravaged Belarus was actually in good condition.

There is little historical information about Northeastern Europe before the 9th century. I have followed Phersu Atlas in ascribing control vaguely known tribal confederations and kingdoms at times.

I have identified the Kievan Rus state as Russia because that it was its contemporaries called it (in Latin). The breakup of the Kievan Rus was a gradual process and I have followed the Phersu Atlas in its timing.

Here is my summary of who controlled Belarus

State Proportions for Selected Country Table

Country	Start Year	End Year	Proportions
Belarus	-3000	-800	None-1,
Belarus	-799	-300	None-0.84,Scythians-0.16,
Belarus	-299	340	None-1,
Belarus	341	374	None-0.68,Ostrogoths-0.32,
Belarus	375	376	Huns-0.16,None-0.68,Ostrogoths-0.16,
Belarus	377	469	Huns-0.16,None-0.84,
Belarus	470	518	None-1,
Belarus	519	602	Antes-0.16,None-0.84,
Belarus	603	862	None-1,
Belarus	863	881	None-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	882	980	None-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	981	1000	Russia-1,
Belarus	1001	1100	Polotsk-0.36,Russia-0.64,
Belarus	1101	1101	Polotsk-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	1102	1127	Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.48,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1128	1132	Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1133	1133	Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1134	1165	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1166	1167	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Smolensk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1168	1186	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1187	1195	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Smolensk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1196	1199	Chernigov-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volhynia-0.16,
Belarus	1200	1200	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Grodno-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1201	1214	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1215	1221	Chernigov-0.16,Hungary-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1222	1239	Chernigov-0.16,Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1240	1240	Galicia-0.16,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.16,Polotsk-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,Volkovyysky-0.16,
Belarus	1241	1241	Galicia-0.16,Lithuania-0.32,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1242	1242	Lithuania-0.32,Minsk-0.2,Mongol-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1243	1256	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.32,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1257	1258	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1259	1259	Lithuania-0.16,Mongol-0.52,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1260	1260	Lithuania-0.52,Mongol-0.16,Russia-0.16,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1261	1275	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1276	1276	Golden Horde-0.84,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1277	1279	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1280	1280	Golden Horde-0.84,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1281	1315	Golden Horde-0.32,Lithuania-0.52,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1316	1320	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.68,Vitebsk-0.16,
Belarus	1321	1325	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1326	1326	Golden Horde-1,
Belarus	1327	1348	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1349	1352	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.68,Poland-0.16,
Belarus	1353	1356	Golden Horde-0.16,Lithuania-0.84,
Belarus	1357	1366	Lithuania-1,
Belarus	1367	1370	Lithuania-0.84,Poland-0.16,
Belarus	1371	1384	Lithuania-1,
Belarus	1385	1385	Lithuania-0.8,Poland-0.2,
Belarus	1386	1425	Poland-1,
Belarus	1426	1435	Gorodenskoe-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1436	1483	Poland-0.84,Tver-0.16,
Belarus	1484	1519	Moscow-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1520	1522	Moscow-0.68,Poland-0.32,
Belarus	1523	1535	Moscow-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1536	1564	Poland-1,
Belarus	1565	1582	Poland-0.68,Russia-0.32,
Belarus	1583	1628	Poland-1,
Belarus	1629	1629	Nogai-0.16,Poland-0.84,
Belarus	1630	1654	Poland-1,
Belarus	1655	1655	Poland-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	1656	1657	Poland-0.64,Russia-0.36,
Belarus	1658	1667	Poland-0.84,Russia-0.16,
Belarus	1668	1704	Poland-1,
Belarus	1705	1705	Poland-0.8,Russia-0.2,
Belarus	1706	1708	Poland-0.64,Russia-0.36,
Belarus	1709	1721	Poland-0.48,Russia-0.32,Sweden-0.2,
Belarus	1722	1738	Poland-1,
Belarus	1739	1764	Saxony-1,
Belarus	1765	1791	Russia-1,
Belarus	1792	1792	Poland-0.52,Russia-0.48,
Belarus	1793	1915	Russia-1,
Belarus	1916	1917	Germany-0.32,Russia-0.68,
Belarus	1918	1918	Germany-0.32,Soviet Union-0.52,Ukraine-0.16,
Belarus	1919	1919	Poland-0.32,Soviet Union-0.68,
Belarus	1920	1920	Poland-0.52,Soviet Union-0.48,
Belarus	1921	1939	Poland-0.32,Soviet Union-0.68,
Belarus	1940	1941	Russia-0.16,Soviet Union-0.84,
Belarus	1942	1943	Germany-1,
Belarus	1944	1944	Germany-0.68,Soviet Union-0.32,
Belarus	1945	1991	Soviet Union-1,
Belarus	1992	2022	Belarus-1,

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