The definition I use for a state is “a polity, controlled by a single leader or group, that has primary access to the military and fiscal resources of a geographical area.” This is quite distinct from sovereignty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty I am concerned with the actual practice of power military and fiscal power, not the current framework of international recognition.
In today’s world there are places where actual authority does not match UN membership and ISO country codes. For example, Somalia has not been unified since 1991. During the Cold War, the Warsaw Pact members were functionally part of the Soviet Union.
In future posts, I will discuss edge cases in more detail. As always is the case with edge cases, you may reasonably differ with my classification.

